Cholesterol: Understanding the Types, Effects, and New Research
Cholesterol is often misunderstood as a “bad” substance, but it’s essential for hormone production, cell membranes, and brain function. The key is balance. High levels — especially of the wrong kind — can silently damage arteries and set the stage for heart attacks and strokes.
The Different Types of Cholesterol
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): Often labeled “bad” cholesterol, high LDL can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Known as “good” cholesterol, it helps remove LDL from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides: A type of fat that, when elevated, raises cardiovascular risk.
Ideal Levels (General Guidelines)
Total cholesterol: < 200 mg/dL
LDL: < 100 mg/dL (or < 70 mg/dL for high-risk patients)
HDL: > 60 mg/dL is protective
Triglycerides: < 150 mg/dL
How High Cholesterol Harms the Heart
Excess LDL gets trapped in blood vessel walls, triggering inflammation and plaque buildup — a condition known as atherosclerosis. Over time, plaques can rupture, leading to:
Heart attacks
Strokes
Peripheral artery disease
Lifestyle Factors That Affect Cholesterol
Diet: High in saturated fat, red meat, and sugar = higher LDL
Exercise: Boosts HDL, lowers LDL and triglycerides
Smoking: Damages blood vessels and lowers HDL
Weight: Central obesity increases triglycerides and LDL
Medication and New Therapies
If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, your doctor may prescribe:
Statins: First-line treatment
Ezetimibe: Blocks cholesterol absorption
PCSK9 inhibitors: A newer class of injectable medications that lower LDL dramatically
Tactical Takeaway
You can’t see high cholesterol. You won’t feel it. But it might be building silently in your arteries. Get regular labs — and if you’re high-risk, ask your doctor about newer treatment options like PCSK9 inhibitors.
Medical Disclaimer: This blog is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, or replace medical advice from a licensed healthcare provider. Always consult your doctor before starting any new health regimen or interpreting lab results. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
